Levels of Proficiency
- REPRESSION -  "Ignore it. It's substandard communication."
- "It's not another language, it's slang. It's not math the way I've always spoken it."
- In the late 1970s, college professors refused to use calculators and used slide rules instead.
- In the 1990s, students refused to use pencil & paper and used calculators instead.
- In the early 1990s, teachers refused to use calculators and used pencil & paper instead.
- Still some high school teachers refuse to use manipulatives and use symbol manipulation instead.
- REPRESENTATION - "How do you say/represent this or that?"
- Speak of things/nouns: an equation, an expression, an exponent, an exponential.
- positional and additive
- Cognition is enhanced by Reflection, summary/debriefing,visualization
- Once representation is begun, one might "go overboard" it using a new language.
- OPERATION - "What can you do with this?" or "How do you do this?"
- Speak of doings/verbs: solve an equation, simplify an expression.
- addition, subtraction, multiplication on the 100s board
- additions, subtractions, dilations on the coordinate plane w/GWM
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- Upon REPRESENTATION or OPERATION, there exists a desire to
- restate familiar ideas in the new language.
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- CREATION - "Watch/Listen to what I can do," and
- "See how well I speak & understand."
- Using the identity as input to compare or analyze the square root
- Students' coordinate plane art work with equations
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- REPRESENTATION and OPERATION initiate CREATION -
- the stage in which a new idea or clarity of an old theme occurs because of the
restatement or translation.
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- INTERPRETATION - "Which language suits my purpose best?" or
- "Should I say the same thing in both/all languages?" and
- "It doesn't mean exactly that: it's means this."
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