Probability Notes for Calc I

    This page was written when I included a sheet on the normal distribution in ReimannSums.gsp. These are listed below.

    All other pages and images and links were created in earlier works.

• There are many different probability distributions each describing a different situation.
• The area under the curve, the sum of the probabilities, is equal to 1.
• This is because the result of every situation must be included.
• The probability of an event that does not happen is 0.
• The results of flipping a coin n times is described by a binomial distribution.
• The results in many situations -- length at birth, test scores, a large number of weights or ages or heights -- are "normal," or described by a normal distribution. The normal is often used to compute a binomial probability.

    Probability and cummulative probability tables have been used for many years, but, now spread sheets, computers, and calculator are used, and ...

    As of June 2025, stat.gsp, supported with The Statistics Sketchpad Teacher's Manual, facilitates teaching statistics using the calculus Reimann sums afford. The sketchpad analytically, visaully, and concretely focuses on the topics of uniform, standard normal, and normal distributions, stanines, between and within a interval, p(x < x.test), p(z< z.test), p(a < z < b), confidence intervals, alpha, p, hypothesis testing images.